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This is a list of the first 30 Governors of California, 1768—1850, before her admission as the 31st U.S. state. Founded by Gaspar de Portolá at San Diego and Monterey in 1768, the vast country was a sparsely-settled Spanish colony and Spanish missions in California for 54 years, until 1822. After Mexico's independence from Spain and until California's revolution of 1836, California became a far-flung federal territory of the United Mexican States (UEM). California did not support Mexican independence. Moreover, as ill-will between her and Mexico grew, California charged Mexico with neglect, with sending north small bands of convict settlers, and with despotism. These feelings led to revolution, which achieved concessions and degrees of independence from Mexico. But at the same time, Mexico continued to offer military protection.〔Hubert Howe Bancroft, ''History of California.'' 978-1135657727〕〔(Book explains California's Revolution of 1836 in more detail, including California's first Constitution. )〕 In November of 1836, the Californian ''Diputación'' formed a Constitutional congress and eventually adopted her first national flag, the red lone star on a field of white, the same star which is retained on today's flag.〔(Book explains California's Revolution of 1836 in more detail, including California's first Constitution. )〕 Under the leadership of Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado, Californians timed this chivalrous revolution to coincide with the violent one in Texas, and as a result, Mexico acknowledged California as a "free and sovereign state."〔Robert R. Miller. ''Juan Alvarado, Governor of California, 1836-1842. University of Oklahoma Press. 1998〕〔() Note that independent California is recognized as a fully formed Department, with its own Assembly, Departments were the equivalent of states and sent their representatives to Mexico City. Baja California borrows and maintains the title of "Free and sovereign state" to this day.〕〔(Encyclopedia.com )〕 However, rivalry between Northern and Southern California led to a rival claiming the governorship and civil war. This was solved when Gov. Alvarado appealed to Mexico for California to return, not as a territory, but as a Department with all the rights under the Mexican Constitution of 1824, thus retaining its sovereignty. However, conflict with Mexico resumed as it was before independence. By 1846, all ties with Mexico were cut and California became a nominally independent republic—the "Bear Flag Republic"—when Mexican military protection was replaced with American military protection. Californians won full U.S. citizenship in 1848, and California was admitted as the 31st united state on September 9, 1850.〔At the start of the Bear Flag revolt against Mexico in 1846, land surveyor Capt. John C. Fremont on the frontier sent his companion William B. Ide over to Sonoma, California and jailed Spanish Californians who had advocated voluntary union with the USA. Fremont's attempts to conquer California for himself led to a conviction of mutiny in court-martial, Gen. Kearney of the US Army presiding. While this was going on, Californians sought union with the US and freely continued to elect their own civil officials.〕 Californian government continued without interruption, and Peter Burnett, the last governor before California's union with the U.S., became the first governor after. For governors of the state after the union of 1850, see List of Governors of California. Las Californias Province was a region with a single bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. It included the Baja California Peninsula and mainland California from 1768 to 1804. The region became separate provinces in 1804, establishing Alta California Province with its own bishops from 1804 to 1822. ==Colony, 1768–1822== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Governors of California before admission」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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